Study Guide for Ch. 13: Pornography (due 11/7)

Study Guide for Ch. 13: Obscenity
1. Give a brief description of the historical efforts and different measures used to combat obscenity.
2. Explain the three prongs of the Miller test and how they are applied to pornography.
3. Explain what is meant by variable obscenity statutes.
4. Briefly describe laws applying to the creation, possession, and distribution of child pornography.
5. How does the First Amendment protect the rights of adults to receive certain degrees of pornography and erotica?
6. What are the purposes and limitations of the local zoning ordinances used to combat pornography?
7. Briefly describe the challenges surrounding legal efforts to regulate sexually explicit material in cyberspace.

Be prepared for a Halloween quiz on Ch. 11

We will have a short quiz on the multiple choice questions for Ch. 11, which you can study on the mhhe Website: www.mhhe.com/pember

Halloween Tricks and Treats

Bring a Halloween treat to share next Wednesday (items other than candy and chips particularly welcome!)
Come in costume if you wish.

Study Guide for 10/31: Free Press/Fair Trial: Trial Level Remedies and Restrictive Orders (ch. 11)

1. What judicial remedies are available that ensure an individual enjoys a right to a fair trial under the Sixth Amendment?
2. What are some of the First Amendment limits and restrictions that the press may experience in covering criminal trials?
3. How might pretrial publicity influence the decision-making of individual jurors and the outcome of a case?
4. Learn the different types of trial-level remedies a judge may take to minimize the effect of existing prejudice that results from pretrial publicity.
5. Compare and contrast cases that address restrictive orders aimed at the press versus those aimed at trial participants.
6. What are some of the constitutional burdens that courts must meet before imposing both trial-level remedies and restrictive orders?

Study Guide for October 24

Study Guide for Communication Law: due October 24

Please cite the portion of FERPA or other laws that support your answer to YOUR ASSIGNED QUESTION. Your source cannot be just a Web address. That’s like giving me the street address for The New York Times instead of the name of the organization. Also please quote the actual part of the statute or law. You may want to look for pertinent case law to help you determine how this part of FERPA has been interpreted. You may also want to check out the relevant part of the Minnesota Data Practices Act.

In addition to your one question, please do the following: Answer one of the questions you wrote for this week's study guide. Use your book, the Internet, interviews, etc. whatever sources help you find the answer.

Please note: this FERPA assignment is in lieu of your FOIA assignment. You may still do that, but it will be extra credit. Hurray!

Another note: There will be no class meeting November 28. I will be in St. Paul all week. I will have a selection of relevant movies available for you in the library, along with a study guide. You may choose which movie to watch. I will provide you with the list in a couple of weeks.

1. Parent comes to business office to pay child’s tuition and wants to know the balance. (Rebecca Boe)
2. Parent asks whether child has been in class since last week. (Sam)
3. Parent calls supervisor or student worker and wants to know why she isn’t at work. (Jessica C.)
4. Media requests information about former student who just won election. What if the request is only for “personal opinions” – not grades? (Ryan S.)
5. Newspaper requests graduation rate of Hispanic students from St. Paul. (Mike M.)
6. Police officers demand student’s class schedule to serve arrest warrant. (Trenton S.)
7. For criminal investigation, law enforcement asks for list of stuents in Computer Language clss. Would it matter if she provided a subpoena? What if the request cam by campus security? (Monica R.)
8. Faculty passes around class list and asks students to provide e-mail address for class communication. Okay to share with other students? Okay for instructor to communicate with students by e-mail? (Tamara P.)
9. Instructor gives Registrar’s Office list of students in her “Advanced Programming” class and asks for their grades in “Beginning Programming.” (Rose G.)
10. Expanding computer company wants names and addresses of all female computer science majors for their affirmative action recruiting. (Josh C.)
11. Student requests copy of transcript of school from which he transferred last spring. (Brianna M.)
12. Student requests review of admissions file, including letters of reference. (Bryan B.)
13. Faculty adviser for Spanish Club asks Registrar for names of all students enrolled in Spanish I. Spanish majors? Hispanic students? (Rebecca R.)
14. High School counselor requests grades of PSEO students from his high school. (Mei Ling)
15. Parent requests grades of 17-year-old son attending as PSEO student. (Hui Ling)
16. Staff reports seeing students fighting in hallway. He was interviewed for Conduct Code proceedings and wants to know the outcome. What if complainant was student? (Beth K.)
17. May a department share class lists and point out troublesome students to each other? (Bryan L.)
18. Faculty requests information from financial aid on students who have defaulted on loans? (Zachary)
19. Faculty requests list from Registrar of students who are on academic probation? (Amber N.)
20. Credit card company asks for names of all business major students. List of all students enrolled in Accounting 202? List of all Computer Science majors with GPA of 3.7 or higher? (Heather S.)
21. You would like to begin to submit all your students’ essays to plagiarism detection program – others in your department question whether this violates FERPA? (Iris)
22. Employer calls to request grades of employee who is student – employer is paying tuition. (Natalie Ka)
23. Student asks instructor for employment reference – FERPA issues? Would it matter if it’s in writing? Naming faculty on application form? B’y phone? By Fax? By e-mail? Can you require waiver of ability to review? (Pei-Lin)
24. Student asks for her mid-term exam so she can see what she needs to focus on for the final. Instructor refuses because she re-uses exam questions and doesn’t want copies in circulation. Correct? What if student wants copies of instructor’s notes re: classroom participation?
25. Colleague asks you about performance of student last year in Calculus I – colleague says student is struggling in her Calculus II class. Luckily, you have saved your notes, and provide them. Student now demands to see them – you refuse.
26. Instructor asks counseling services to verify student attended appointment last week.
27. Football coach calls instructors to request mid-term grades of student athletes.

Ch. 9: Gathering Info (Study Guide for October 17)

Read Chapter 9: Gathering Information -- Records and Meetings

Write down five (5) questions, with at least one question each being from the four main sections, i.e.,
1. News Gathering and the Law
2. The Freedom of Information Act
3. State Laws on Meetings and Records
4. Laws that Restrict Access to Information

These questions should be ones to which you truly would like an answer and don't yet know the answer. It may be that you would like something explained more fully, or you think something is wrong, etc.

In addition, you will be given a set of cards called "What to do until the lawyer comes." Please take these cards with you and request or find some public information that is by law available to citizens. Please provide a copy of the information and a paragraph explaining how you got the information.

Study Guide for Comm. Law: Due October 10

Please read the following material carefully. Answer as many of the questions as you can. I don't expect you to be able to answer them all. If you would prefer to view this as the original PowerPoint presentation, e-mail me and I'll send it to you. Use your textbook and any other sources you like. Please cite your sources carefully, so we can all find them if we want to. You may do this assignment with a partner or on your own. If you do it with someone else, you both get the same grade. Have fun!


Student Records and Privacy – What Faculty and Staff Need to Know
Kris Kaplan
Assistant General Counsel
Minnesota State Colleges and Universities
Office of the Chancellor

Bemidji State University
January 2005
It’s the Law
The federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Minnesota Government Data Practices Act (MGDPA) govern how state universities handle data on individually identifiable students, i.e., “education data/records.”
All university employees are responsible to protect the privacy of education records in their possession.
Willful violations may result in institutional liability or individual sanctions.
It’s the Right Thing to Do
Respecting Student Privacy
Demonstrates integrity
Sensitivity to students as individuals and their rights
Instills confidence
What is an Education Record?
Broader than you may think –
All information created, collected, maintained or disseminated by university on individually identifiable student(s)
in any tangible form or media
wherever located.

Examples: enrollment records, (including internships, study abroad), grades, schedules, electronic document or e-mail, class list, financial aid information, application information, photos, notes taken during advising session, discipline, work study records and more . . .
What’s Not an Education Record?
Several exceptions in law:
Sole possession notes of instructor, so long as not shared with anyone other than a substitute instructor, and destroyed at end of term.
Medical treatment records of university health care professionals so long as not shared with others not providing treatment.
Solely personal information or observations not recorded or derived from education record.
Other laws may apply – and always: common sense(itivity).
Education Records are Presumed Private
Private generally means:
Access by student subject (10 days)
Access by “school officials” who have “legitimate educational interest”
Access by third parties if
Signed, written consent of student; or
Other legal authority
Who?
“School officials” include employees, agents of the university, student workers and others who need data to perform assigned university work, i.e., have a “legitimate educational interest.”

Third parties include: parents, union, media, spouses, potential employers, law enforcement, other schools, other students – and “others”.

Directory Data is Public
Directory Data is defined at BSU:
Name; address; e-mail address; phone #
Major and minor fields of study
FT, PT status
Student classification (sophomore, junior, etc.)
Dates of attendance and graduation
Participation in official activities, sports
Degrees, awards, academic recognition and licenses received; associated names of parents
Public data must be released upon request, but procedures are important.
Some Data is Always Private
Directory information NEVER includes:
SSN; Student ID Number
Race, ethnicity, nationality, religion
Gender
GPA
Remember default rule: if not public, is private.

Student Rights
Access to education records on self (unless previously waived)
To seek amendment of inaccurate, incomplete records
To control disclosure, as permitted by law
To file complaint with Department of Education

All university students have same rights regardless of age.
Student Rights to Control Disclosure
May suppress directory data (includes classroom).
Prior notice of compliance with subpoena (usually).
Most disclosures to third parties require signed release that specifies information to be released, to whom, and for what purpose.

Waiver of rights must be voluntary.
Third Party Disclosure Without Student’s Consent
Permitted examples:
Court order
Health, safety emergency (narrow exception)
Other schools where student intends to enroll or is enrolled
USCIS for certain international student information
Military recruiters for certain information
Other . . .
Faculty and Staff Responsibilities
Access/use education records only for legitimate educational purpose; i.e., “need-to-know.” Not curiosity.
Do not release any information from education records (including class schedules) unless
Directory data, not suppressed
Written consent of student
Other legal authority, as determined by designated college personnel
Faculty and Staff Responsibilities(“Tennessen Notice/Warning”)
When collecting private data, inform:
Why collecting – how used;
Who will have access;
Whether legally required to provide;
Consequences of providing or not.
Goal is informed consent – need not be written, but easiest on forms. Don’t forget electronic collection.

Tip: don’t ask for private data (especially SSNs) unless required.


Faculty and Staff Responsibilities
Know campus resources
DPCO: David Carlson
Directory data definition, how to check for suppression (see registrar)
Refer public requests to Communications/Public Affairs
Consult with and follow IT staff policies on privacy, security of electronic data.
www.ogc.mnscu.edu

Privacy Practices
Don’t
Use any portion of SSN or student ID to post grades or other information;
Allow access to graded materials by students other than subject;
Improperly disclose information derived from private education records (including oral disclosures);
Allow public view of student data on computer screen;
Allow family members to use college computer resources;
Disclose class lists or schedules unless authorized;
Download unauthorized software or circumvent other privacy or security measures for electronic resources.
But DO know who to call for help – or refer.
Test Your FERPA IQ
How would you handle the following situations?

Parent comes to business office to pay child’s tuition and wants to know the balance.
Parent asks whether child has been in class since last week.
Parent calls supervisor or student worker and wants to know why she isn’t at work.

Media requests information about former student who just won local election.
What if request is only for “personal opinions” – not grades?

Newspaper requests graduation rate of Hispanic students from St. Paul.

Police officers demand student’s class schedule to serve arrest warrant.

For criminal investigation, law enforcement asks for list of students in Computer Language class. Would it matter if she provided a subpoena?
What if the request came from campus security?

Faculty passes around class list and asks students to provide e-mail address for class communication.
Ok to share with other students?
Ok for instructor to communicate with students by e-mail?

Instructor gives Registrar’s Office list of students in her “Advanced Programming” course and asks for their grades in “Beginning Programming.”

Expanding computer company wants names and addresses of all female computer science majors for their affirmative action recruiting.

Student requests copy of transcript of school from which he transferred last spring.

Student requests review of admissions file, including letters of reference.

Faculty advisor for Spanish Club ask Registrar for names of all students enrolled in Spanish I.
Spanish majors?
Hispanic students?

HS counselor requests grades of PSEO students from his school.

Parent requests grades of 17 year-old son attending as PSEO student.

Staff reports seeing students fighting in hallway. He was interviewed for Conduct Code proceeding and wants to know outcome. What if complainant was student?

May a department share class lists and point out troublesome students to each other?


Faculty requests information from financial aid on students who have defaulted on loans?

Faculty requests list from Registrar of students who are on academic probation?

Credit card company asks for list of names of all business major students.
List of all students enrolled in Accounting 202?
List of all Computer Science majors with GPA of 3.7 or higher?


Student calls over semester break to request grades. E-mail?

Employer calls to request grades of employee who is student – employer is paying tuition.


Student asks instructor for employment reference – FERPA issues?
Would it matter if request is in writing?
Naming faculty on application form?
by phone? By FAX? By e-mail?
Can you require waiver of ability to review?

If your only knowledge about the student comes from extra-curricular activities, is FERPA a concern?



Student asks for her mid-term exam so she can see what she needs to focus on for the final. Instructor refuses because she re-uses exam questions and doesn’t want copies in circulation. Correct?
What if student wants copies of instructor’s notes re: classroom participation?


Colleague asks you about performance of student last year in Calculus I – colleague says student is struggling in her Calculus II class. Luckily, you have saved your notes and provide them to your colleague, since you no longer need them. Student now demands to see them – you refuse.


Instructor asks disability services for medical update on student who seems to be having more difficulty with speech.

Instructor asks counseling services to verify student attended appointment last week (missing mid-term).

Parent needs explanation of health service charge for insurance coverage.

Football coach calls instructors to request mid-term grades of student athletes.

Football coach holds press conference to announce disciplinary action against two well-known players and results of knee surgery on quarterback.

You would like to begin to submit all your students’ essays to a plagiarism detection program – others in your department question whether this violates FERPA?
Responding to Requests for Private Data
“I’m sorry but that information is private under the law. If you would like further information about how to access student information, or to obtain a release form, please contact <>.”
Advanced Issue If student not enrolled or has suppressed: “I have no information on that individual.” Use same response to avoid inadvertent disclosure of student status.